Internal combustion engine



Mai'ch 29, 1932. w. s. STEWART INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Ori inal FiledOct. 2, 1929 3 Sheets-She et 1 70 Inventor l l a/fer J? Jfen/arf AtiMarch 29,1932, w 5 T T 1,851,530

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed Oct. 2, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 2Inventor 20 w/fel" Q9. (Syd/var? By 2mm;

A iiorney I Patented Mar. 29, 1932 a g g v i ,l iv

UNITED STATES PATENT oFFiciEY Application filed October 2, 1929, SerialN;396,762. Renewed September 4, 1931.v

This invention relates to internal combusfresh charge is entering thecombustion chamtion engines, and more particularly to deher. 7 'vices ofthis character of the two-cycle type, i Fig. 4 isa horizontal sectiontaken on the but'it is to be understood that an engine emline 44of'Fig: 1. j V f 5 bodying the principles of this invention may Fig. 5is a horizontalsection taken approxi- 55 be constructed for four-cycleor sixi-cycleopmately on the line 5 5 of Fig. 2. i V eration. Referringto the drawings indetailQthe An important objectof the invention is toreference character 1 designates generally provide, in amanner ashereinafter set forth, the cylinder, of the engine and comprises a 7 10an engine of the aforementioned character lower portion or section 2 andan uppersec- 60 wherein the exhaust and intake operations tion 3 or lessdiameter than said section 2. are caused when the piston is indistinctly The upper portion of the section 3 is adapted differentpositions in the cylinder, thus elimfor telescopic distortion inaevertically re inating the danger of pre-ignition which ciprocatinghead& in the closedupper end often occurs in conventional two-cycle enofwhich is a spark plug 5; Adj acentits low- 55 gines' due to the incominggas contacting er end and on itsinner periphery, therecipwith the hotexhaust gases which have not rocatinghead 4: is provided with aseries ofcompletely left the cylinder. circumferentially spaced segmentalrecesses g Another important object of the invention or grooves 6.- i Vis to provide an engine of the aforementioned The walls'of the section 3of the cylinder, 70 character wherein a vertically reciprocating areprovided with circumferentially spaced cylinder head is utilized for thepurpose of ducts 7 which communicate at their lower compressingtheexplosive charge and whereendswith the interior of the section 2andare in said reciprocating head constitutes the turned outwardly atright angles adjacent major portion of the combustion chamber. the topof saidsection and are adapted'to 75 Other objects of the invention areto probe brought into communication with the vids an internal combustionengine of the grooves or recesses 6 of the reciprocating aforementionedcharacter which will be simhead 4. V y

ple in construction, strong, durable, eflicient Packing rings 8'aremounted onthe upper '30 in its use,':and which may be manufactured endportions of the section 3 on opposite sides at l w o t, of the adjacentterminals of the ducts 7 for Other objects and advantages of theinvenengagement With the inner walls of the reciption. will becomeapparent from a study of rocating head 4 for sealing the jointtherebethe following specification, taken 1n connectween Adj t it l d fti g H W h accompanying drawings W is provided with a plurality ofradially exin like characters of references designate t di h t d it g hih s be- Prrespondmg Pa throughout the Save-m1 tween the ducts 7 andcommunicate with the i i fifi is sie ftical sectional view show interior0f said Section; I i i i 10 ing the position of the piston and therecip- A plst'on deslgnated generally by the refer 00 e v I encecharacter 10 is mounted for reciprocarocatmg head as Well as an of themovmg' tion in the cylinder 1 and comprisesamain P rts of the engine atthe tune the explosion or s section 1 mounted pr a takes place in thecombustion chamber. c V v, p i

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional View showing the sectlon 2 of the e andupper the relative positions of the parts when the Section or extension12 ofless diemeterthan exhaust operation is taking place'and when ESeCt1On 11 a p for pm 0 the incoming-gases have been drawn into the 111the sectlfm 3 of t y n 1- lower chamber of the cylinder. 1 The sect on11 1s provided with sealing Fig, 3 is a vertical sectional View showingrings 13adjacent its upper end and the sec the relative position of theparts when the tion 12, is provided with-sealing, rings 14'adjacent itsupper end. The section 11 of the piston, is provided with a wrist pin 15which is provided for connecting the connecting rod 16 thereto and,asusual, the'lower end of the connecting rod 16 is coupled to a crankshaft 17 V x The lower end of the cylinder 1 is adapted to be coupled toa crank case, not shown, and is provided with an annular flange 18. aThe crank case of the engine is to have mounted therein a pair ofvertically spaced bars 19 and 20, the purpose of which will bepresentlyset forth, On diametrically opposite sides,

the reciprocating head 4 is provided with outwardly extending lugs orarms 21 having vertical bores extending therethru for the reception ofthe upper end of a pair of elongated lift rods 22'which are securedrigidly in the arms 21 in any suitable manner. The lift rods22extendslidinglythrough openings in the flange 18,.b ar 19 and bar 20 inthe crank case and terminate a distance below saidbar 20. j. f 3

The bar 19 is of a configuration to avoid contact with the crankshaft17. A cross rod connects the lift rods 22 intermediate the I 7 bars 19and 20 and expansible coiled springs 24 encircle said lift rods .andimpinge the' rods 23 and the lower guide rod 20. Aroller 25 ismounted'on the coupling rod' 23 beneath V the crank sh'aftl 'l'. Rigidlymounted on said crank shaft 17 is a cam 26 of a suitable configurationwith which the'roller 25 is maintained in constant engagement throughthe 7 medium of the spring 24, as will be obvious.

An intake conduit 27 communicates with theinterior of the section 20fthe cylinder at its upper end through the medium of the intake valve 28,which is actuated in any suit able manner. 'The cylinders, piston, andreciprocating head receive their lubrication by the splash system fromthe crank case and the oil works itsway up between the sections 2 and 3of the cylinder and the sect-ions 11 through the chamber 29 and 12 ofthepiston, and in so doing, it'passes v which is warmed'by sa1d section20f the cylinder and 11 of the piston. Owing to the greater size of thesection 11 and its closer proximity to the crank case, more oil willenter the chamber .29 than will workupwardly between the piston section12 and the cylinder section 3, and

this oil enters the ducts 7 anddischarges into the recesses or grooves 6ma manner to lu- 1 bricate the side walls of said reciprocating head andthe adjacent outer walls and rings on the section 3.

For taking care of an excess of lubricating I oil in the recesses 6, aplurality of elongated substantially'U-shaped conduits 3O communicats attheir upper ends with the lower ends of said recesses and extending adistance therebelow' where they connect with conjductor plates 31'extending downwardly through the wall of'the cylinder section 2 andcommunicating with the interior of the crank case. I

The inner side of the members 30 engage V the peripheral'walls of thesection 3 and are closed thereby. In the operation of the engine, thepiston 10 is moved to the position shown in Fig.2 of the drawings, theintake valve 28 opens and a charge of fuel is drawn haustion ofthe gasesand at the momentwhen the exhaust ports 9 are uncovered, the highestposition or point on the cam 26 engages the roller 25 and thereciprocating cylinder head is brought rapidly. down to a positionclosely adjacent the upper end 0 the cylinder for the purpose ofejecting'zprac- 7 tically all of the exhaustgases,therefrom.

the cam26 has rotated .to' a position which permits the spring 24 toraise the head 42 through the'medium of the lift rods 22 and When thepiston starts on its upstroke,

the fuel charge which has entered the chamber 29 is compressed in saidchamber andthe ducts 7 until'the heads 4 reaches the'posi-r tion shownin Fig.3 of the drawings, when.

j the segmental grooves or channels 6 establish communication betweenthe upperfends of said ducts 7 and the interior of the head.

At this time, another comparatively high place on the cam 26 engages theroller 25 and the head 4 is brought rapidly downwardly I to compress thecharge therein. As soon as the head 4 reaches the limitiofthiscompression stroke, the charge exploded through the medium of, the sparkplug trend the pis-.,

ton is driven downwardly on 2 the power stroke inthe usual manner. Assoon as the piston reaches the uppermost point' of the "compressionstroke, a slightlylowerplace' on the cam 26 engages the roller 25 andpermits a very slight" upward movement'of the head 4 at the time theexplosion takes place, to. eliminate what is commonly known as knocking'or compression'knocks.

valve 28 closes as soon as the upstroke, l a V It is believed that themany advantages of an engine constructed in accordance with thisinvention will be readily understood, and although the, preferred"embodiment of the invention is as illustrated anddescribed, it is to beunderstood that changes in the details. of construction may-be had,which the pistonstarts It is understood, of course, that the intake willfall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Having thus described my I claim as new is 1. An engine of the characterdescribed comprising a cylinder having upper and lower sections, saidlower section being of greater diameter than the upper section, a pistonhaving upper and lower sections mounted for reciprocation in thecorresponding sections of the cylinder, a reciprocating compression headenclosing the upper end of the upper section and communicating with theinterior thereof, a valve for supplying fuel to the interior of thelower section of the cylinder, the upper section of the cylinder beingprovided with a plurality of passages extending from an upper peripheralportion to the lower end thereof and communicating with the lowerportion of the cylinder for the reception of fuel therefrom, thecompression head being provided with longitudiinvention, what nallyextending recesses in the inner wall thereof adapted for registry withthe passages upon reciprocation of said head in a manner to establishcommunication between said passages and the interior of the compressionhead, said passages and the recesses constituting means for conductingthe fuel from the lower cylinder section to the interior of thecompression head, and means for rapidly lowering the compression head onthe cylinder when the piston is substantially in its uppermost positionin a manner to compress the fuel charge therein.

2. An engine of the character described comprising a cylinder having alower section, and means for supplying fuel thereinto, an upper sectionon said lower section of smaller diameter than said lower section, apiston comprising a lower section mounted for reciprocation in thecorresponding section of the cylinder and an upper section forreciprocation in the upper section of the cylinder, a verticallyreciprocating compression head slidably mounted on the upper portion ofthe upper cylinder section, said compression head and the upper cylindersection being provided with passages adapted to be peroidically broughtinto communication with each other in a manner to establishcommunication between the lower cylinder section and the cam mounted onsaid crank shaft, and means engageable with the cam and connected to thecompression head for lowering same on the cylinder while the piston isin substantially its uppermost position for compressing the fuel chargetherein.

3. An internal combustion engine of the 'a reciprocating compressionhead mounted for longitudinal sl1d1ng movement on the i upper cylindersectlon, said compresslon head and cylinder section being provided witha series of circumferentially spaced coacting passages adapted to beperiodically brought into communication with each other by thereciprocation of the compression head in a manner to establishcommunication between the interior of said head and the interior of thelower cylinder section, said upper cylinder section being furtherprovided with radially extending exhaust passages adapted to '5 v beclosed by the adjacent cylinder section,

the crank shaft operatively connected to the piston, a cam mountedonsaid crankshaft,

7 arms extending laterally from the compression head, vertical lift rodsanchored in said arms and extending downwardly on opposite 1 sides ofthe crank shaft, expansible coiled springs associated with said rods ina manner to urge the compression head upwardly on the cylinder, andmeans carried by said rod engageable with the cam for shifting thecompression head downwardly on the cylinder through the medium of saidlift rodsand against the tension of the coiled springs for compressingthe fuel charge in said head when the piston is substantially in itsuppermost position in the cylinder.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

WALTER SCOTT STEWART.

